Black tea is made from the leaves of a bush called Camellia sinensis. A process called oxidation turns the leaves from green to a dark brownish-black color. Oxidation means the leaves are exposed to moist, oxygen-rich air. Tea manufacturers can control the amount of oxidation. Black tea is a fully oxidized tea. Guava fruit gets a lot of attention for its health benefits. It’s packed with vitamins A and C, lycopene, potassium, and dietary fiber. Although this popular fruit deserves its acclaim, its leaves should not be overlooked for their myriad of healthy properties. Let’s take a look at the many.

Health Benefits Of Black Jack Leaves
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Health Benefits Of Leaves

Bidens pilosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Bidens
Species:
Binomial name
*Bidens pilosa* L. 1753
Synonyms^[1]
Bidens abadiaeDC. Bidens adhaerescensVell. Bidens africanaKlatt Bidens alausensisKunth Bidens alba(L.) DC. Bidens arenariaGand. Bidens arenicolaGand. Bidens aurantiacaColenso Bidens barrancaeM.E.Jones Bidens bimucronataTurcz. Bidens bonplandiiSch.Bip. Bidens brachycarpaDC. Bidens calcicolaGreenm. Bidens californicaDC. Bidens cannabinaLam. Bidens caracasanaDC. Bidens caucalideaDC. Bidens chilensisDC. Bidens ciliataHoffmanns. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Bidens daucifoliaDC. Bidens deamiiSherff Bidens decussataPav. ex DC. Bidens decussataPav. ex Steud. Bidens dichotomaDesf. ex DC. Bidens exaristataDC. Bidens hirsutaNutt. 1841 not Sw. 1788 Bidens hirtaJord. Bidens hispidaKunth Bidens hybridaThuill. Bidens inermisS.Watson Bidens leucantha(L.) Willd. Bidens leucanthaPoepp. ex DC. Bidens leucanthemus(L.) E.H.L.Krause Bidens minor(Wimm. & Grab.) Vorosch. Bidens minusculaH.Lév. & Vaniot Bidens montaubaniPhil. Bidens odorataCav. Bidens orendainaeM.E.Jones Bidens orientalisVelen. ex Bornm. Bidens paleaceaVis. Bidens pinnataNoronha Bidens pumila(Retz.) Steud. Bidens ramosissimaSherff Bidens reflexaLink Bidens roseaSch.Bip. Bidens scandicinaKunth Bidens striataSchott ex Sweet Bidens sundaicaBlume Bidens taquetiiH.Lév. & Vaniot Bidens trifoliataNorona Bidens valparadisiacaColla Bidens viciosoiPau Ceratocephalus pilosusRich. ex Cass. Coreopsis albaL. Coreopsis corymbifoliaBuch.-Ham. ex DC. Coreopsis leucanthaL. Coreopsis leucorrhizaLour. Coreopsis multifidaDC. Coreopsis odorataPoir. Coreopsis odorataLam. Glossogyne chinensisLess. Kerneria dubiaCass. Kerneria pilosa(L.) Lowe Kerneria tetragonaMoench

Immature fruiting head

Bidens pilosa is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is native to the Americas but it is known widely as an introduced species of other regions, including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.^[2]^{[citation needed]} It is a tall branched weed with thin yellow flowers that develop into a cluster of barbed fruits.^[3] Its many common names include black-jack,^[4]beggar-ticks, cobbler's pegs, sticky beaks, farmer's friends^[5] and Spanish needle.^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] The fruits are like short, stiff hairs. They get stuck in feathers, fur, fleeces, clothing, etc.^[10]^[11] This bur is widespread throughout the warmer regions of the world.^[12] Its little black fruits hook onto clothes or animals and thereby the bur spreads itself around. It is susceptible to hand weeding if small enough, even then must be bagged, and thick mulches may prevent it from growing.^[13] Each fruit has two to four barbed spines.^[14] A weed of gardens, woodlands, and waste areas, people or animals that brush against the plant will get the fruits stuck on their clothing or fur.^[15]^[16]^[17] Although this plant is primarily considered a weed, in many parts of the world it is a source of food and medicine.^[18] For example, it is reportedly widely eaten in Africa,^[15] and in Vietnam, during the Vietnam War, soldiers adopted the herb as a vegetable, which lead to it being known as the 'soldier vegetable'.^[19]

Description[edit]

Bidens Pilosa is an annual forb of gracilehabit, growing up to 1.8 meters tall. It grows aggressively on disturbed land and often becomes weedy. The leaves are oppositely arranged and pinnate in form with three to five dentate, ovate-to-lanceolate leaflets. The petioles are slightly winged.^[20]

The plant may flower at any time of the year, but in temperate regions it blooms mainly in summer and autumn. Flowers are borne in small heads on relatively long peduncles. The heads bear about four or five broad white ray florets, surrounding many tubular yellow disc florets. The fruits are slightly curved, stiff, rough black rods, tetragonal in cross section, about 1 cm long, with typically two to three stiff, heavily barbed awns at their distal ends. The infructescences form stellate spherical burrs about one to two centimeters in diameter. The barbed awns catch onto fur or clothing, and can injure flesh. It is an effective means of seed dispersal by zoochory, as the fruits are transported by animals. This mechanism has helped the plant become a noxious weed in temperate and tropical regions.^[20]

Common names[edit]

This plant has many common names in different regions and languages, including:^[2]

Afrikaans language: knapsekêrel
Chinese: gui zhen cao
English: beggar's tick, beggar-ticks, hairy beggar-ticks, black-jack, broom stick, broom stuff, cobbler's pegs, devil's needles, hairy bidens, Spanish needle, farmers friend, Devils Pitchfork
Central America spanish: Mozote
Fijian: batimadramadra, matakaro, matua kamate, mbatikalawau, mbatimandramandra
French: bident hérissé, bident poilu, herbe d'aiguille, herbe villebague, piq

Health Benefits Of Black Jack Leaves